| Preface | viii |
| Chapter 1 | |
| Introduction | 1 |
| Revolutions and Science | 1 |
| Dominant Themes in Physics | 3 |
| Continuing Evolution of Scientific Knowledge--The Seven Ideas | 4 |
| Physics Without Mathematics? | 8 |
| Science and Other Areas of Human Endeavor--Distinctions and Similarities | 10 |
| Chapter 2 | |
| Copernican Astronomy | 14 |
| Early Scientific Stirrings in the Mediterranean Area | 15 |
| Geocentric Theory of the Universe | 19 |
| The Heliocentric Theory--Revival by Copernicus | 29 |
| New Data and a New Theory | 45 |
| New Discoveries and Arguments | 39 |
| Kepler's Heliocentric Theory | 41 |
| The Course of Scientific Revolutions | 48 |
| Chapter 3 | |
| Newtonian Mechanics and Causality | 50 |
| Aristotelian Physics | 50 |
| Galilean Mechanics | 57 |
| Logic, Mathematics, and Science | 65 |
| Newtonian Mechanics | 70 |
| Consequences and Implications | 81 |
| Chapter 4 | |
| The Energy Concept | 84 |
| Interactions and Conservation Laws | 84 |
| Heat and Motion | 88 |
| Conservation of Energy | 100 |
| Chapter 5 | |
| Entropy and Probability | 106 |
| Heat and Temperature | 108 |
| The Natural Flow of Heat | 110 |
| Transformation of Heat Energy into Other Forms of Energy | 110 |
| Efficiency of Heat Engines | 117 |
| The Thermodynamic or Absolute Temperature Scale | 123 |
| The Third Law of Thermodynamics | 124 |
| Energy Degradation, Unavailability, and Entropy | 125 |
| Entropy Increase and Irreversibility | 128 |
| Entropy as a Parameter of a System | 129 |
| Probability and the Microscopic Interpretation of Entropy | 130 |
| Entropy and Order: Maxwell's Demon | 134 |
| Cosmological and Philosophical Implications: "Heat Death" of theUniverse | 136 |
| Chapter 6 | |
| Relativity | 139 |
| Galilean-Newtonian Relativity | 140 |
| Electromagnetism and Relative Motion | 144 |
| Attempts to Detect the Ether | 156 |
| Special Theory of Relativity | 160 |
| General Theory of Relativity | 174 |
| Influence of Relativity Theory on Philosophy, Literature, and Art | 183 |
| Chapter 7 | |
| Quantum Theory and the End of Causality | 184 |
| CavityorBlackbodyRadiation | 187 |
| The Photoelectric Effect | 194 |
| The Nuclear Atom and Atomic Spectra | 199 |
| Quantum Theory, Uncertainty, and Probability | 207 |
| The Use of Models in Describing Nature | 220 |
| The Impact of Quantum Theory on Philosophy and Literature | 222 |
| Chapter 8 | |
| Conservation Principles and Symmetries | 225 |
| The Nuclear Force and Nuclear Structure | 227 |
| Conservation Laws and Invariants | 234 |
| Conservation Laws and Symmetries | 236 |
| The Quark Model | 238 |
| Summary of Present Knowledge | 244 |
| References | 249 |
| Index | 257 |