Table of Contents for The Nuclear Energy Option: An Alternative for the '90s

Chapter 1
Nuclear Power--Act II 1
 
Chapter 2
Do We Need More Power Plants? 9
What Types of Plants Should We Build? 11
Electricity as a Substitute for Oil and Gas 16
Coal or Nuclear? 16
 
Chapter 3
Environmental Problems with Coal, Oil, and Gas 19
The Greenhouse Effect 20
Predicted Consequences of the Greenhouse Effect 23
Acid Rain 26
Air Pollution 29
Other Environmental Effects of Fossil Fuels 34
Conclusions 37
 
Chapter 4
Is the Public Ready for More Nuclear Power? 39
What the Polls Say 40
Public Misunderstanding 46
 
Chapter 5
How Dangerous Is Radiation? 49
Meet the Millirem 51
Scientific Basis for Risk Estimates 54
The Media and Radiation 58
A Poll of Radiation Health Scientists 62
Genetic Effects of Radiation 63
Other Health Impacts of Radiation 69
Irrational Fear of Radiation 70
Summary 72
 
Chapter 6
The Fearsome Reactor Meltdown Accident 73
Was the Three Mile Island Accident a Near Miss to Disaster? 76
Roads to Meltdown 78
How Secure Is the Containment? 86
The Probabilities 89
The Worst Possible Accident 93
Land Contamination 95
Public Misunderstanding 96
Nonsafety Issues 96
 
Chapter 7
The Chernobyl Accident--Can It Happen Here? 103
How Nuclear Reactors Work 104
U.S. Reactors versus Chernobyl-Type Reactors 106
The Chernobyl Accident--Blow-by-Blow 108
Effects on the Public 112
Lessons Learned 113
Chapter 8
Understanding Risk 117
A Catalog of Risks 119
Risks of Nuclear Energy in Perspective 127
Spending Money to Reduce Risks 137
Chapter 9
Costs of Nuclear Power Plants--What Went Wrong 145
Understanding Construction Costs 146
Regulatory Ratcheting 150
Regulatory Turbulence 152
The Future 156
 
Chapter 10
The Next Generation of Nuclear Power Plants 159
The New Design Philosophy 160
Licensing Reform 163
The Next Generation 164
Cost per Kilowatt-Hour 168
 
Chapter 11
Hazards of High-Level Radioactive Waste -- The Great Myth 173
A First Perspective 174
High-Level Radioactive Waste 176
Hazards and Protective Barriers 178
Quantitative Risk Assessment for High-Level Waste 186
Long-Term Waste Problems from Chemical Carcinogens 190
Should We Add Up Effects over Millions of Years? 192
Siting a Waste Repository 195
Why the Public Fear 198
 
Chapter 12
More on Radioactive Waste 201
Radon Problems 201
Routine Emissions of Radioactivity 205
Low-Level Radioactive Waste 206
Transuranic Waste 211
Summary of Results 211
The Real Waste Problem 213
West Valley--The Ultimate Waste Problem 214
Leaking Waste Storage Tanks 218
Waste Transport--When Radioactivity Encounters the Public 220
A Radioactive Waste Accident in the Soviet Union 222
Summary 223
 
Chapter 13
Plutonium and Bombs 225
Fuel of the Future 226
Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons 231
Nonproliferation Politics 235
A Tool for Terrorists? 240
Plutonium Toxicity 246
 
Chapter 14
The Solar Dream 257
Photovoltaics 260
Solar Thermal Electricity 261
Wind Turbines 262
Intermittent Availability 264
Solar versus Nuclear Power 265
Environmental Impacts of Solar Electricity 267
Solar versus Nuclear Politics 268
Conclusions 271
 
Chapter 15
Questions and Answers 273
Power Needs 273
Problems with Fossil Fuels 274
Radioactivity and Radiation 275
Trust and Faith 279
Reactor Accidents and Safety 282
Radioactive Waste 284
Miscellaneous Topics 285
 
Chapter 16
Recapitulation 289
Why Build More Nuclear Power Plants? 289
Public Misunderstanding 291
Cost Problems 295
 
Appendixes 297
Chapter 3 297
Chapter 5 298
Chapter 6 301
Chapter 8 308
Chapter 11 309
Chapter 13 314
References 317
Index 333