PART I COMMUNICATIONS AND THE CHANGING ENVIRONMENT |
1. From Mass Media Revolution to Electronic Revolution |
3 |
The Example of the Printing Press |
3 |
The Era of Digital Communication |
7 |
Information and the Second Industrial Revolution |
10 |
The Consequences |
13 |
|
2. The New Communications Technologies |
19 |
Defining a Communication System |
19 |
Digital versus Analog Signals |
20 |
Transmission Media |
23 |
Spectrum |
28 |
Satellites |
29 |
Computer Message Processing |
32 |
|
3. Crumbling Walls of Distance |
34 |
Instantaneous Communication |
35 |
Wireless Transmission |
37 |
|
4. Limits to Growth 40 |
Spectrum: A Finite Resource? |
40 |
Programming |
48 |
|
5. Talking and Thinking among People and Machines |
50 |
The Concept of Computer |
51 |
Computers and Communication |
56 |
Interactive and Individualized Communication |
59 |
|
PART II SATELLITES, COMPUTERS, AND GLOBAL RELATIONS |
6. Communities without Boundaries |
65 |
The Spatial Reorganization of Activity |
67 |
The Global Flow of Mass Media |
71 |
Person-to-Person Networks |
83 |
International Information Retrieval Systems |
88 |
|
7. Regulating International Communication |
101 |
Restrictions on Free Flow |
101 |
The Protectionist Case |
109 |
Charges of Cultural Imperialism from the Left and Right |
121 |
Why American Television Succeeds Abroad |
126 |
The Fallacies of Protection |
129 |
The Diffusion of Centers of Activity |
137 |
The Theory of Comparative Advantage |
144 |
|
8. Broadcasting from Satellites to Home Receivers: A Case Study |
149 |
Direct versus Redistribution Broadcasting |
153 |
Frequencies and Orbital Locations |
155 |
Cooperative versus Unwanted Broadcasts |
161 |
The American, Soviet, and Third-World Positions |
163 |
|
9. Communications for the Less Developed Countries |
167 |
Do Poor Countries Need State-of-the-Art Technology? |
170 |
A Four-Media Communications System |
178 |
"Development Communication" versus Infrastructure |
180 |
Organizing at the Grass Roots |
189 |
Development Is Two-Way Communication |
193 |
Managing the Communications Resource |
195 |
Fostering Development in an Electronic Age |
201 |
|
10. Advanced Communications and World Leadership |
205 |
Telecommunications and the Projection of National Power |
205 |
Export of Telecommunications Hardware |
207 |
Facilitation of World Trade |
208 |
Trade in Knowledge |
209 |
International Pressures on Communications Policies |
209 |
The American Role |
214 |
|
PART III ECOLOGY, CULTURE, AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY |
11. The Ecological Impact of Telecommunications |
219 |
Communication and the Pattern of Urban Settlement |
220 |
The CommunicationslTransportation Tradeoff |
224 |
Megalopolis |
229 |
Communications, an Abundant Resource |
236 |
|
|
12. Technology and Culture |
239 |
Interaction and Diversity |
240 |
The Future of the Book |
248 |
Copyright |
254 |
Some Recapitulations |
259 |
|
Notes |
263 |
Index |
279 |