NSES Content Standard G
History and Nature of Science: Science as a human endeavor Grades 9-12, page 201 Scientists are influenced by societal, cultural, and personal beliefs
and ways of viewing the world. Science is not separate from society but
rather science is a part of society.
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Benchmark 1B The Nature of Science: Scientific
Inquiry
Grades 9-12, page 13
Scientists in any one research group tend to see things alike, so even
groups of scientists may have trouble being entirely objective about their
methods and findings. For that reason, scientific teams are expected to
seek out the possible sources of bias in the design of their investigations
and in their data analysis. Checking each other's results and explanations
helps, but that is no guarantee against bias.
Benchmark 1C The Nature of Science: The
Scientific Enterprise
Grades 9-12, page 19
Progress in science and invention depends heavily on what else is happening
in society, and history often depends on scientific and technological developments.
Science for All Americans The Nature
of Science
Chapter 1, page 8
As a social activity, science inevitably reflects social values and
viewpoints. The history of economic theory, for example, has paralleled
the development of ideas of social justice at one time, economists considered
the optimum wage for workers to be no more than what would just barely
allow the workers to survive.