NSES Content Standard F  Science in Personal and Social Perspectives: Risks and benefits Grades 5-8, page 169 Individuals can use a systematic approach to thinking critically about risks and benefits. Examples include applying probability estimates to risks and comparing them to estimated personal and social benefits.

 
Benchmark 7D Human Society: Social Trade-Offs
Grades 9-12, page 166
Benefits and costs of proposed choices include consequences that are long-term as well as short-term, and indirect as well as direct. The more remote the consequences of a personal or social decision, the harder it usually is to take them into account in considering alternatives. But benefits and costs may be difficult to estimate.

Science for All Americans The Nature of Technology:
Chapter 3, page 32
Analysis of risk, therefore, involves estimating a probability of occurrence for every undesirable outcome that can be foreseen--and also estimating a measure of the harm that would be done if it did occur. The expected importance of each risk is then estimated by combining its probability and its measure of harm. The relative risk of different designs can then be compared in terms of the combined probable harm resulting from each.