NSES Content Standard D
Earth and Space Science: Earth's history Grades 5-8, page 160 The Earth processes we see today, including erosion, movement of lithospheric
plates, and changes in atmospheric composition, are similar to those that
occurred in the past. Earth history is also influenced by occasional catastrophes,
such as the impact of an asteroid or comet.
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Science for All Americans Historical
Perspectives:
Chapter 10, page 999
The age of the earth was not at issue for most of human history. Until
the nineteenth century, nearly everyone in Western cultures believed that
the earth was only a few thousand years old, and that the face of the earth
was fixed--the mountains, valleys, oceans, and rivers were as they always
had been since their instantaneous creation. From time to time, individuals
speculated on the possibility that the earth's surface had been shaped
by the kind of slow change processes they could observe occurring; in that
case, the earth might have to be older than most people believed. If valleys
were formed from erosion by rivers, and if layered rock originated in layers
of sediment from erosion, one could estimate that millions of years would
have been required to produce today's landscape. But the argument made
only very gradual headway until English geologist Charles Lyell published
the first edition of his masterpiece, Principles of Geology, early in the
nineteenth century. The success of Lyell's book stemmed from its wealth
of observations of the patterns of rock layers in mountains and the locations
of various kinds of fossils, and from the close reasoning he used in drawing
inferences from those data.