CHAPTER 7: HUMAN SOCIETY
A. CULTURAL EFFECTS ON BEHAVIOR
K-2
People are alike in many ways and different in many
ways.
Different families or classrooms have different rules
and patterns...
People often choose to dress, talk, and act like
their friends, do the same...
3-5
People can learn about others from direct experience,
from the mass...
People tend to feel uncomfortable with other people
who dress, talk, or act...
6-8
Each culture has distinctive patterns of behavior,
usually practiced...
Within a large society, there may be many groups,
with distinctly different...
Although within any society there is usually broad
general agreement on...
Technology, especially in transportation and communication,
is increasingly...
9-12
Cultural beliefs strongly influence the values and
behavior of the people...
The ways that unacceptable social behavior is punished
depend partly on beliefs...
Social distinctions are a part of every culture,
but take many different forms...
Heredity, culture, and personal experience interact
in shaping human behavior...
B. GROUP BEHAVIOR
K-2
People belong to some groups by birth and belong
to some groups...
The way people act is often influenced by the groups
to which they belong.
3-5
People often like or dislike other people because
of membership in...
Different groups have different expectations for
how their members...
When acting together, members of a group and even
people in a crowd...
6-8
Affiliation with a group can increase the power of
members through...
People sometimes react to all members of a group
as though they were...
9-12
The behavior of a group may not be predictable from
an understanding...
Social organizations may serve business, political,
or social purposes...
C. SOCIAL CHANGE
K-2
Changes happen in everyone's life, sometimes suddenly...
3-5
Although rules at home, school, church, and in the
community stay mostly...
Rules and laws can sometimes be changed by getting
most of the people...
6-8
Some aspects of family and community life are the
same now as they...
By the way they depict the ideas and customs of one
culture, communications...
Migration, conquest, and natural disasters have been
major factors in causing...
9-12
The size and rate of growth of the human population
in any location...
The decisions of one generation both provide and
limit the range of possibilities...
Mass media, migrations, and conquest affect social
change by exposing...
To various degrees, governments try to bring about
social change or to impede...
D. SOCIAL TRADE-OFFS
K-2
Getting something one wants may mean giving up something
in return.
Different people may make different choices for different
reasons.
Choices have consequences, some of which are more
serious than others.
3-5
In making decisions, it helps to take time to consider
the benefits...
In making decisions, benefits and drawbacks of alternatives
can be taken...
Sometimes social decisions have unexpected consequences,
no matter how...
6-8
There are trade-offs that each person must consider
in making choices...
One common aspect of all social trade-offs pits personal
benefit and...
Trade-offs are not always between desirable possibilities.
Sometimes social...
9-12
Benefits and costs of proposed choices include consequences
that are...
In deciding among alternatives, a major question
is who will receive...
Social trade-offs are often generational. The cost
of benefits received...
E. POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
K-2
Money can buy things that people need or want. People
earn money...
Everyone wants to be treated fairly, and some rules
can help to do that.
3-5
People tend to live together in groups and therefore
have to have ways...
Services that everyone gets, such as schools, libraries,
parks, mail service...
There are not enough resources to satisfy all of
the desires of all people...
Some jobs require more (or more expensive) training
than others, some involve...
6-8
Government provides some goods and services through
its own agencies...
Government leaders come into power by election, appointment...
However they are formed, governments usually have
most of the power...
In a central-planning model, a single authority,
usually a national...
9-12
In the free-market model, the control of production
and consumption...
In the central-planning model, production and consumption
are controlled...
In practice, countries make compromises with regard
to economic...
F. SOCIAL CONFLICT
G. GLOBAL INTERDEPENDENCE
K-2
For many things they need, people rely on others
who are not part...
3-5
Many of the things people eat and wear come from
other countries, and people...
6-8
Trade between nations occurs when natural resources
are unevenly...
The major ways to promote economic health are to
encourage technological...
The purpose of treaties being negotiated directly
between individual...
Scientists are linked to other scientists worldwide
both personally...
The global environment is affected by national policies
and practices...
9-12
The wealth of a country depends partly on the effort
and skills of its...
Because of increasing international trade, the domestic
products of any...
Migration across borders, temporary and permanent,
legal and illegal...
The growing interdependence of world social, economic,
and...
