Benchmark 4B
The Physical Setting: The Earth
Grades 6-8, page 69
Climates have sometimes changed abruptly in the past as a result of
changes in the earth's crust, such as volcanic eruptions or impacts of
huge rocks from space. Even relatively small changes in atmospheric or
ocean content can have widespread effects on climate if the change lasts
long enough.
NSES Content Standard F
Science in Personal and Social Perspectives: Changes in environments
Grades K-4, page 140
Some environmental changes occur slowly, and others occur rapidly.
Students should understand the different consequences of changing environments
in small increments over long periods as compared with changing environments
in large increments over short periods.
NSES Content Standard F
Science in Personal and Social Perspectives: Natural hazards
Grades 5-8, page 168
Internal and external processes of the Earth system cause natural hazards,
events that change or destroy human and wildlife habitats, damage property,
and harm or kill humans. Natural hazards include earthquakes, landslides,
wildfires, volcanic eruptions, floods, storms, and even possible impacts
of asteroids.
NSES Content Standard D
Earth and Space Science: Origin and evolution of the earth system
Grades 9-12, page 189
Interactions among the solid earth, the oceans, the atmosphere, and
organisms have resulted in the ongoing evolution of the earth system. We
can observe some changes such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions on
a human time scale, but many processes such as mountain building and plate
movements take place over hundreds of millions of years.
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