Benchmark
3C
The Nature of Technology: Issues in Technology
Grades 3-5, page 54
Scientific laws, engineering principles, properties of materials, and
construction techniques must be taken into account in designing engineering
solutions to problems. Other factors, such as cost, safety, appearance,
environmental impact, and what will happen if the solution fails also must
be considered.
NSES Content Standard E
Science and Technology: Abilities of technological design
Grades K-4, page 137
Propose a solution. Students should make proposals to build something
or get something to work better; they should be able to describe and communicate
their ideas. Students should recognize that designing a solution might
have constraints, such as cost, materials, time, space, or safety.
NSES Content Standard E
Science and Technology: Abilities of technological design
Grades K-4, page 137
Implementing proposed solutions. Children should develop abilities
to work individually and collaboratively and to use suitable tools, techniques,
and quantitative measurements when appropriate. Students should demonstrate
the ability to balance simple constraints in problem solving.
NSES Content Standard E
Science and Technology: Abilities of technological design
Grades 5-8, page 165
Design a solution or product. Students should make and compare different
proposals in the light of the criteria they have selected. They must consider
constraints--such as cost, time, trade-offs, and materials needed--and
communicate ideas with drawings and simple models.
NSES Content Standard E
Science and Technology: Understandings about science and technology
Grades 5-8, page 166
Technological designs have constraints. Some constraints are unavoidable,
for example, properties of materials, or effects of weather and friction;
other constraints limit choices in the design, for example, environmental
protection, human safety, and aesthetics.
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