Benchmark
3B
The Nature of Technology: Design and Systems
Grades 3-5, page 49
There is no perfect design. Designs that are best in one respect (safety
or ease of use, for example) may be inferior in other ways (cost or appearance).
Usually some features must be sacrificed to get others. How such trade-offs
are received depends upon which features are emphasized and which are down-
played.
NSES Content Standard E
Science and Technology: Abilities of technological design
Grades K-4, page 137
Propose a solution. Students should make proposals to build something
or get something to work better; they should be able to describe and communicate
their ideas. Students should recognize that designing a solution might
have constraints, such as cost, materials, time, space, or safety.
NSES Content Standard E
Science and Technology: Abilities of technological design
Grades K-4, page 137
Evaluate a product or design. Students should evaluate their own results
or solutions to problems, as well as those of other children, by considering
how well a product or design met the challenge to solve a problem. When
possible, students should use measurements and include constraints and
other criteria in their evaluations. Students should modify designs based
on the results of evaluations.
NSES Content Standard E
Science and Technology: Understandings about science and technology
Grades 5-8, page 166
Perfectly designed solutions do not exist. All technological solutions
have trade-offs, such as safety, cost, efficiency, and appearance. Engineers
often build in back-up systems to provide safety. Risk is part of living
in a highly technological world. Reducing risk often results in new technology.
NSES Content Standard E
Science and Technology: Abilities of technological design
Grades 9-12, page 192
Evaluate the solution and its consequences. Students should test any
solution against the needs and criteria it was designed to meet. At this
stage, new criteria not originally considered may be reviewed.
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