NSES Content Standard A
Science as Inquiry: Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry
Grades 5-8, page 145
Design and conduct a scientific investigation. Students should develop
general abilities, such as systematic observation, making accurate measurements,
and identifying and controlling variables. They should also develop the
ability to clarify their ideas that are influencing and guiding the inquiry,
and to understand how those ideas compare with current scientific knowledge.
Students can learn to formulate questions, design investigations, execute
investigations, interpret data, use evidence to generate explanations,
propose alternative explanations, and critique explanations and procedures.
NSES Content Standard A
Science as Inquiry: Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry
Grades 5-8, page 145
Develop descriptions, explanations, predictions, and models using evidence.
Students should base their explanation on what they observed, and as they
develop cognitive skills, they should be able to differentiate explanation
from description--providing causes for effects and establishing relationships
based on evidence and logical argument. This standard requires a subject
matter knowledge base so the students can effectively conduct investigations,
because developing explanations establishes connections between the content
of science and the contexts within which students develop new knowledge.
NSES Content Standard A
Science as Inquiry: Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry
Grades 5-8, page 145
Think critically and logically to make the relationships between evidence
and explanations. Thinking critically about evidence includes deciding
what evidence should be used and accounting for anomalous data. Specifically,
students should be able to review data from a simple experiment, summarize
the data, and form a logical argument about the cause-effect relationships
in the experiment. Students should begin to state some explanations in
terms of the relationship between two or more variables.
NSES Content Standard A
Science as Inquiry: Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry
Grades 9-12, page 175
Design and conduct scientific investigations. Designing and conducting
a scientific investigation requires introduction to the major concepts
in the area being investigated, proper equipment, safety precautions, assistance
with methodological problems, recommendations for use of technologies,
clarification of ideas that guide the inquiry, and scientific knowledge
obtained from sources other than the actual investigation. The investigation
may also require student clarification of the question, method, controls,
and variables; student organization and display of data; student revision
of methods and explanations; and a public presentation of the results with
a critical response from peers. Regardless of the scientific investigation
performed, students must use evidence, apply logic, and construct an argument
for their proposed explanations.
NSES Content Standard A
Science as Inquiry: Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry
Grades 9-12, page 175
Formulate and revise scientific explanations and models using logic
and evidence. Student inquiries should culminate in formulating an explanation
or model. Models should be physical, conceptual, and mathematical. In the
process of answering the questions, the students should engage in discussions
and arguments that result in the revision of their explanations. These
discussions should be based on scientific knowledge, the use of logic,
and evidence from their investigation.
See the general discussion in Unifying Concepts and Processes: Evidence,
models, and explanation.
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