NSES Content Standard A
Science as Inquiry: Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry
Grades 5-8, page 145
Design and conduct a scientific investigation. Students should develop
general abilities, such as systematic observation, making accurate measurements,
and identifying and controlling variables. They should also develop the
ability to clarify their ideas that are influencing and guiding the inquiry,
and to understand how those ideas compare with current scientific knowledge.
Students can learn to formulate questions, design investigations, execute
investigations, interpret data, use evidence to generate explanations,
propose alternative explanations, and critique explanations and procedures.
NSES Content Standard A
Science as Inquiry: Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry
Grades 5-8, page 148
Recognize and analyze alternative explanations and predictions. Students
should develop the ability to listen to and respect the explanations proposed
by other students. They should remain open to and acknowledge different
ideas and explanations, be able to accept the skepticism of others and
consider alternative explanations.
NSES Content Standard A
Science as Inquiry: Understanding about scientific inquiry
Grades 5-8, page 148
Science advances through legitimate skepticism. Asking questions and
querying other scientists' explanations is part of scientific inquiry.
Scientists evaluate the explanations proposed by other scientists by examining
evidence, comparing evidence, identifying faulty reasoning, pointing out
statements that go beyond the evidence, and suggesting alternative explanations
for the same observations.
NSES Content Standard G
History and Nature of Science: Nature of science
Grades 5-8, page 171
In areas where active research is being pursued and in which there
is not a great deal of experimental or observational evidence and understanding,
it is normal for scientists to differ with one another about the interpretation
of the evidence or theory being considered. Different scientists might
publish conflicting experimental results or might draw different conclusions
from the same data. Ideally, scientists acknowledge such conflict and work
towards finding evidence that will resolve their disagreement.
NSES Content Standard G
History and Nature of Science: Nature of science
Grades 5-8, page 171
It is part of scientific ionquiry to evaluate the results of scientific
investigations, experiments, observations, theoretical models, and the
explanations proposed by other scientists. Evaluation includes reviewing
the experimental procedures, examining the evidence, identifying faulty
reasoning, pointing out statements that go beyond the evidence, and suggesting
alternative explanations for the same observations. Although scientists
may disagree about explanations of phenomena, about interpretations of
data, or about the value of rival theories, they do agree that questioning,
response to criticism, and open communication are integral to the process
of science. As scientifc knowledge evolves, major disagreements are eventually
resolved through such interactions between scientists.
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