Until the 1800s, most manufacturing was done in homes, using small,
handmade machines that were powered by muscle, wind, or running water.
New machinery and steam engines to drive them made it possible to replace
craftsmanship with factories, using fuels to replace human and animal labor.
In the factory system, workers, materials, and energy could be brought
together efficiently.
| See Content Standard G History and
Nature of Science (grades 9-12): Historical Perspectives.
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