NSES Content Standard A
Science as Inquiry: Understanding about scientific inquiry
Grades 5-8, page 148
Science advances through legitimate skepticism. Asking questions and
querying other scientists' explanations is part of scientific inquiry.
Scientists evaluate the explanations proposed by other scientists by examining
evidence, comparing evidence, identifying faulty reasoning, pointing out
statements that go beyond the evidence, and suggesting alternative explanations
for the same observations.
NSES Content Standard G
History and Nature of Science: Nature of science
Grades 5-8, page 171
It is part of scientific ionquiry to evaluate the results of scientific
investigations, experiments, observations, theoretical models, and the
explanations proposed by other scientists. Evaluation includes reviewing
the experimental procedures, examining the evidence, identifying faulty
reasoning, pointing out statements that go beyond the evidence, and suggesting
alternative explanations for the same observations. Although scientists
may disagree about explanations of phenomena, about interpretations of
data, or about the value of rival theories, they do agree that questioning,
response to criticism, and open communication are integral to the process
of science. As scientifc knowledge evolves, major disagreements are eventually
resolved through such interactions between scientists.
NSES Content Standard A
Science as Inquiry: Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry
Grades 9-12, page 175
Communicate and defend a scientific argument. Students in school science
programs should develop the abilities associated with accurate and effective
communication. These include writing and following procedures, expressing
concepts, reviewing information, summarizing data, using language appropriately,
developing diagrams and charts, explaining statistical analysis, speaking
clearly and logically, constructing a reasoned argument, and responding
appropriately to critical comments.
NSES Content Standard A
Science as Inquiry: Understanding about scientific inquiry
Grades 9-12, page 175
Scientific explanations must adhere to criteria such as: a proposed
explanation must be logically consistent; it must abide by the rules of
evidence; it must be open to questions and possible modification; it must
be based on historical and current scientific knowledge.
NSES Content Standard A
Science as Inquiry: Understanding about scientific inquiry
Grades 9-12, page 175
Results of scientific inquiry--new knowledge and methods--emerge from
different types of investigations and public communication among scientists.
In communicating and defending the results of scientific inquiry, arguments
must be logical and demonstrate connections between natural phenomena,
investigations, and the historical body of scientific knowledge. In addition,
the methods and procedures that scientists used to obtain evidence must
be clearly reported to enhance opportunities for further investigation.
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