Benchmark 1B
The Nature of Science: Scientific Inquiry
Grades 9-12, page 13

Investigations are conducted for different reasons, including to explore new phenomena, to check on previous results, to test how well a theory predicts, and to compare different theories.
 

NSES Content Standard A 
Science as Inquiry: Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry 
Grades 9-12, page 175 
Design and conduct scientific investigations. Designing and conducting a scientific investigation requires introduction to the major concepts in the area being investigated, proper equipment, safety precautions, assistance with methodological problems, recommendations for use of technologies, clarification of ideas that guide the inquiry, and scientific knowledge obtained from sources other than the actual investigation. The investigation may also require student clarification of the question, method, controls, and variables; student organization and display of data; student revision of methods and explanations; and a public presentation of the results with a critical response from peers. Regardless of the scientific investigation performed, students must use evidence, apply logic, and construct an argument for their proposed explanations. 

NSES Content Standard A 
Science as Inquiry: Understanding about scientific inquiry 
Grades 9-12, page 175 
Scientists conduct investigations for a wide variety of reasons. For example, they may want to discover new aspects of the natural world, explain recently observed phenomena, or test the conclusions of prior investigations or the predictions of current theories.