Benchmark 1B
The Nature of Science: Scientific Inquiry
Grades 3-5, page 11
Scientists' explanations about what happens in the world come partly
from what they observe, partly from what they think. Sometimes scientists
have different explanations for the same set of observations. That usually
leads to their making more observations to resolve the differences.
NSES Content Standard A
Science as Inquiry: Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry
Grades K-4, page 122
Use data to construct a reasonable explanation. This aspect of the
standard emphasizes the students' thinking as they use data to formulate
explanations. Even at the earliest grade levels, students should learn
what constitutes evidence and judge the merits or strength of the data
and information that will be used to make explanations. After students
propose an explanation, they will appeal to the knowledge and evidence
they obtained to support their explanations. Students should check their
explanations against scientific knowledge, experiences, and observations
of others.
NSES Content Standard A
Science as Inquiry: Understanding about scientific inquiry
Grades K-4, page 123
Scientists develop explanations using observations (evidence) and what
they already know about the world (scientific knowledge). Good explanations
are based on evidence from investigations.
NSES Content Standard A
Science as Inquiry: Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry
Grades 5-8, page 148
Recognize and analyze alternative explanations and predictions. Students
should develop the ability to listen to and respect the explanations proposed
by other students. They should remain open to and acknowledge different
ideas and explanations, be able to accept the skepticism of others and
consider alternative explanations.
NSES Content Standard A
Science as Inquiry: Understanding about scientific inquiry
Grades 5-8, page 148
Current scientific knowledge and understanding guide scientific investigations.
Different scientific domains employ different methods, core theories, and
standards to advance scientific knowledge and understanding.
NSES Content Standard G
History and Nature of Science: Nature of science
Grades 5-8, page 171
In areas where active research is being pursued and in which there
is not a great deal of experimental or observational evidence and understanding,
it is normal for scientists to differ with one another about the interpretation
of the evidence or theory being considered. Different scientists might
publish conflicting experimental results or might draw different conclusions
from the same data. Ideally, scientists acknowledge such conflict and work
towards finding evidence that will resolve their disagreement.
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