Benchmark 1B
The Nature of Science: Scientific Inquiry
Grades 3-5, page 11

Scientific investigations may take many different forms, including observing what things are like or what is happening somewhere, collecting specimens for analysis, and doing experiments. Investigations can focus on physical, biological, and social questions.
 

NSES Content Standard A 
Science as Inquiry: Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry  
Grades K-4, page 122  
Ask a question about objects, organisms, and events in the environment. This aspect of the standard emphasizes students asking questions that they can answer with scientific knowledge, combined with their own observations. Students should answer their questions by seeking information from reliable sources of scientific information and from their own observations and investigations. 

NSES Content Standard A 
Science as Inquiry: Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry  
Grades K-4, page 122  
Plan and conduct a simple investigation. In the earliest years, investigations are largely based on systematic observations. As students develop, they may design and conduct simple experiments to answer questions. The idea of a fair test is possible for many students to consider by fourth grade. 

NSES Content Standard A 
Science as Inquiry: Understanding about scientific inquiry  
Grades K-4, page 123  
Scientists use different kinds of investigations depending on the questions they are trying to answer. Types of investigations include describing objects, events, and organisms, classifying them and doing a fair test (experimenting). 

NSES Content Standard A 
Science as Inquiry: Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry  
Grades 5-8, page 145 
Design and conduct a scientific investigation. Students should develop general abilities, such as systematic observation, making accurate measurements, and identifying and controlling variables. They should also develop the ability to clarify their ideas that are influencing and guiding the inquiry, and to understand how those ideas compare with current scientific knowledge. Students can learn to formulate questions, design investigations, execute investigations, interpret data, use evidence to generate explanations, propose alternative explanations, and critique explanations and procedures. 

NSES Content Standard A 
Science as Inquiry: Understanding about scientific inquiry  
Grades 5-8, page 148 
Different kinds of questions suggest different kinds of scientific investigations. Some investigations involve observing and describing objects, organisms, or events; some involve collecting specimens; some involve experiments; some involve seeking more information, some involve discovery of new objects and phenomena; and some involve making models.