NSES Content Standard A
Science as Inquiry: Understanding about scientific inquiry
Grades 5-8, page 148
Current scientific knowledge and understanding guide scientific investigations.
Different scientific domains employ different methods, core theories, and
standards to advance scientific knowledge and understanding.
NSES Content Standard G
History and Nature of Science: Nature of science
Grades 5-8, page 171
Scientists formulate and test their explanations of nature using observation,
experiments, and theoretical and mathematical models. Although all scientific
ideas are tentative and subject to change and improvement in principle,
for most major ideas in science, there is much experimental and observational
confirmation. Those ideas are not likely to change greatly in the future.
Scientists do and have changed their ideas about nature when they encounter
new experimental evidence that does not match their existing explanations.
NSES Content Standard A
Science as Inquiry: Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry
Grades 9-12, page 175
Formulate and revise scientific explanations and models using logic
and evidence. Student inquiries should culminate in formulating an explanation
or model. Models should be physical, conceptual, and mathematical. In the
process of answering the questions, the students should engage in discussions
and arguments that result in the revision of their explanations. These
discussions should be based on scientific knowledge, the use of logic,
and evidence from their investigation.
NSES Content Standard G
History and Nature of Science: Nature of scientific knowledge
Grades 9-12, page 201
Because all scientific ideas depend on experimental and observational
confirmation, all scientific knowledge is, in principle, subject to change
as new evidence becomes available. The core ideas of science such as the
conservation of energy or the laws of motion have been subjected to a wide
variety of confirmations and are therefore unlikely to change in the areas
in which they have been tested. In areas where data or understanding are
incomplete, such as the details of human evolution or questions surrounding
global warming, new data may well lead to changes in current ideas or resolve
current conflicts. In situations where information is still fragmentary,
it is normal for scientific ideas to be incomplete, but this is also where
the opportunity for making advances may be greatest.
|
