Standard 11: Probability

In grades 5-8, the mathematics curriculum should include explorations of probability in real world situations so that students can:

• Model situations by devising and carrying out experiments or simulations to determine probabilities

Benchmarks 9D (The Mathematical World: Uncertainty)
Grades 6-8, page 229
Probabilities are ratios and can be expressed as fractions, percentages, or odds.

 
• Appreciate the power of using a probability model by comparing experimental results with mathematical expectations

Benchmarks 9D (The Mathematical World: Uncertainty)
Grades 6-8, page 229
How probability is estimated depends on what is known about the situation. Estimates can be based on data from similar conditions in the past or on the assumption that all the possibilities are known.
 

• Make predictions that are based on experimental or theoretical probabilities

 
• Develop an appreciation for the pervasive use of probability in the real world

Benchmarks 12B (Habits of Mind: Computation and Estimation)
Grades 6-8, page 291
Estimate probabilities of outcomes in familiar situations, on the basis of history or the number of possible outcomes.