Standard 5: Number and Number Relationships
In grades 5-8, the mathematics curriculum should include the continued
development of number relationships so that students can:
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Understand, represent, and use numbers in a variety of equivalent forms
(integer, fraction, decimal, percent, exponential, and scientific notation)
in real-world and mathematical problem situations
Benchmarks 9A (The Mathematical World: Numbers)
Grades 6-8, page 213
A number line can be extended on the other side of zero to represent
negative numbers. Negative numbers allow subtraction of a bigger number
from a smaller number to make sense, and are often used when something
can be measured on either side of some reference point (time, ground level,
temperature, budget).
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Develop number sense for whole numbers, fractions, decimals, integers,
and rational numbers
Benchmarks 11D (Common Themes: Scale)
Grades 3-5, page 277
Almost anything has limits on how big or small it can be.
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Understand and apply ratios, proportions, and percents in a wide variety
of situations
Benchmarks 11D (Common Themes: Scale)
Grades 6-8, page 278
Properties of systems that depend on volume, such as capacity and weight,
change out of proportion to properties that depend on area, such as strength
or surface properties.
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Investigate relationships among fractions, decimals, and percents
Benchmarks 9A (The Mathematical World: Numbers)
Grades 6-8, page 213
Numbers can be written in different forms, depending on how they are
being used. How fractions or decimals based on measured quantities should
be written depends on how precise the measurements are and how precise
an answer is needed.
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Represent numerical relationships in one- and two-dimensional graphs
Benchmarks 9C (The Mathematical World: Shapes)
Grades 3-5, page 223
If 0 and 1 are located on a line, any other number can be depicted
as a position on the line.
Benchmarks 9C (The Mathematical World: Shapes)
Grades 6-8, page 224
It takes two numbers to locate a point on a map or any other flat surface.
The numbers may be two perpendicular distances from a point, or an angle
and a distance from a point.
Benchmarks 9C (The Mathematical World: Shapes)
Grades 6-8, page 224
The scale chosen for a graph or drawing makes a big difference in how
useful it is.