Standard 9: Geometry and Spatial Sense
In grades K-4, the curriculum should include to- and three-dimensional
geometry so that students can:
-
Describe, model, draw, and classify shapes
Benchmarks 9C (The Mathematical World: Shapes)
Grades K-2, page 223
Shapes such as circles, squares, and triangles can be used to describe
many things that can be seen.
Benchmarks 9C (The Mathematical World: Shapes)
Grades 3-5, page 223
Many objects can be described in terms of simple plane figures and
solids. Shapes can be compared in terms of concepts such as parallel and
perpendicular, congruence, similarity, and symmetry. Symmetry can be found
by reflection, turns, or slides.
-
Investigate and predict the results of combining, subdividing, and changing
shapes
Benchmarks 2A (The Nature of Mathematics: Patterns and Relationships)
Grades K-2, page 26
Patterns can be made by putting different shapes together or taking
them apart.
Benchmarks 11C (Common Themes: Constancy and Change)
Grades 3-5, page 273
Some features of things may stay the same even when other features
change. Some patterns look the same when they are shifted over, or turned,
or reflected or seen form different directions.
-
Develop spatial sense
Benchmarks 2A (The Nature of Mathematics: Patterns and Relationships)
Grades K-2, page 26
Things move, or can be made to move, along straight, curved, circular,
back-and-forth, and jagged paths.
-
Relate geometric ideas to number and measurement ideas
Benchmarks 9C (The Mathematical World: Shapes)
Grades 3-5, page 223
Areas of irregular shapes can be found by dividing them into squares
and triangles.
Benchmarks 9C (The Mathematical World: Shapes)
Grades 3-5, page 223
If 0 and 1 are located on a line, any other number can be depicted
as a position on the line.
Benchmarks 9C (The Mathematical World: Shapes)
Grades 3-5, page 223
Scale drawings show shapes and compare locations of things very different
in size.
-
Recognize and appreciate geometry in their world
Benchmarks 2A (The Nature of Mathematics: Patterns and Relationships)
Grades K-2, page 26
Circles, squares, triangles, and other shapes can be found in things
in nature and in things that people build.