Go to Project 2061's Web site (requires Internet connection). Project 2061
Middle and High School Science Textbooks
A Standards-Based Evaluation


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The positive effects of providing students with a clear understanding of the purpose, goals, and content of an activity has been repeatedly confirmed by research (Boulanger, 1981; Wise & Okey, 1983). If students are to derive the intended learning benefits from engaging in an activity, their interest in or recognition of the value of the activity needs to be motivated (Blumenfeld et al., 1991; Malone & Lepper, 1987), and they need to understand its goals and what these imply about how they should respond to the activity (Tasker & Freyberg, 1985). This category includes criteria to determine whether the material attempts to make its goals clear and meaningful to students, either in the student text itself or through suggestions to the teacher in the teacher's guide.

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